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Pribaikalsky District . Republic of Buryatia

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Zakaznik Pribaikalsky

(Game reserve)

 

 

The Pribaikalsky Zakasnik covers an area of about 70,100 ha and is located in the Pribaikalsky Administrative district of the Buryatia Republic, within the boundaries of Kikinsky leskhoz and Verhne-Itantsinsky and Gremyachinsky lesnitchestvos (ranges).

The zakasnik is situated on the eastern coast of lake Baikal, some 100 km to the north west of Ulan Ude. It can be reached via the main road going to the north (R 438), which passes the capital of the Rayon Turuntaevo after 50 km, and which reaches the lake shore at Gremyachinsk, the village where Kikinsky leskhoz headquarters is located.

The zakasnik is almost entirely located within the Lake Baikal Coastal Protective Belt. The north-western part of the zakasnik borders the lake with a coastline of some 25 km. Its southern parts are located in the Itantsa river valley and partly in the Kika river valley. Its north-eastern boundary is formed by the Kika river. About 3,500 ha are occupied by bogs and brooks, which are mainly located in the delta of the Kika river.

The relief is dominated by middle mountains, typically with sandy loam mountain-forest soils with gravel formations. Along the river valleys peat and peat-humus soils are found. The climate is strongly continental, with warm summers and cold winters, showing average temperatures varying from -1,0o to -2,2o Celsius. The climate of Pribaikalsky Zakasnik is less cold in winter and more humid than on the western side of the lake (western Pribaikalje) or further inland (eastern mountain forest steppe). Precipitation is mostly in the form of late summer rains, with a yearly average of 400 mm. However, annual variation is high, and precipitation in wet years may be three to four times that of dry years.

According to the forest vegetation zoning, the zakasnik’s vegetationforms part of the Ulan-Burgasy area of subtaiga pine-larch and mountain taiga dark coniferous forests. The growing season lasts about 120 days. On a whole, the climatic conditions are very favourable for pine, larch, cembra, birch and aspen, resulting in highly productive stands. The vertical zoning of vegetation is clearly noticeable, consisting of larch-pine taiga belt and cembra-fir taiga belt above it.

Forest resource
The total area of the zakasnik when calculated from the inventory data is 68,000 ha, of which 93% is covered with forests. (The calculated land area of 67 495 hectares is used in the calculations, although it is somewhat less than the official area of 70 100 hectares). The remainder (4,500 ha) is occupied with lakes, peatland, rangeland, etc. A large part of the forests (86%) is classified as Group I Forest (protection) since they are located within the Baikal Protective Belt.

The total standing volume is estimated at 12.5 million m3, or an average of 186 m3/ha. In general, the zakasnik is mountainous.

Pribaikalsky Zakasnik (70,100 ha) was first declare a game reserve in 1971, and is located in the protected belt along the eastern shores of Lake Baikal. It is situated within Kikinsky leskhoz, and about half of its area has been leased to logging companies. There is a management plan for Kikinsky leskhoz, which was last updated in 1990. There are also management plans for the lease areas within the leskhoz, but a separate management plan for the zakasnik does not exist. Hence a management plan has been prepared for Pribaikalsky Zakasnik using a new concept of landscape ecological planning.

The zakasnik was chosen as a pilot area because it reflects very well the present problems and challenges of sustainable forest utilisation in the Baikal basin. The most productive and finest stands of pine dominated forests in the Buryatia Republic are located within the basin. However, since almost all forests located near existing transport networks have been logged in the past, logging companies are now turning their attention to the closest remaining unlogged forests, such as those in the zakasnik. On the other hand, the forests of the Baikal basin, especially those located within the protective belt, are recognised for their high biodiversity values as well as for their important protective function in the lake Baikal catchment.

Economically it is hardly feasible to exploit forests in remote locations, due to rather inefficient and expensive traditional harvesting and transport methods, and the lack of appropriate infrastructure. On the other hand the nearby forests have all been logged and in the absence of tending and thinning operations, these will produce only small diameter wood in this phase and the nearby future, for which there is hardly a market. This dilemma requires a new policy with both long term and short term objectives.

On the long term objectives should aim (a) to improve the stand quality of the nearby forests through thinning operations; (b) to improve the cost effectiveness of the logging operations through infrastructure development and use of improved machinery; and (c) to develop a strong market for small sized wood.

On the short term careful planning of the remaining unlogged forests in the Baikal basin is required, especially those located within the Baikal protective belt. Not only to secure a steady supply of raw material, but even more to protect the biodiversity and the catchment values of this unique ecosystem, declared a world heritage site by Unesco in 1996. As such, it is hoped that this planning exercise may serve as an example for other areas in the basin which have been earmarked for future logging.

Clearly, the ecological importance of the forests within the Baikal protective belt must be emphasised, considering their unique features. This applies even more so in the zakasnik with its stated conservation objectives, and which until recently had been subject to relatively low intensities of commercial logging activities. Hence the majority of its forests still are in their natural state, and contain a complex mosaic of various succession stages, with a high proportion of over-mature light- and dark coniferous stands providing excellent game habitat. Thus, the leading motive should be to secure conservation of biodiversity, game species, landscapes and the water regulation characteristics of the catchment.
 

 

 

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© A.Z.Kozin.  Library Internet-centre. Village Turuntaevo. 671260/Butyatia.  Центр общественного доступа к открытым информационным системам Прибайкальской районной библиотеки Республики Бурятия. 2004-2008.   Наша благодарность - проекту narod.ru

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